A patient with conduction abnormalities, asymmetric LVH, and hyper echoic endocardial layer most likely suffers from? - ✔✔Fabry Disease What measurements are needed to calculate Left Atrial Pressure? - ✔✔MR velocity and Systolic BP Congenital PS is most commonly associated with what? - ✔✔Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) What is the first parameter to consider when assessing a patient for diastolic dysfunction? - ✔✔LV Ejection Fraction Describe the difference between a true aneurysm of the LV and a Pseudoaneursym of the LV? - ✔✔A true aneurysm involves weakening of the myocardial layer. A pseudo aneurysm is a rupture of the endocardium and myocardium, while the blood is contained by the pericardium. In a patient with a PDA, normal intracardiac pressures can be assumed if the peak pressure gradient across the ductus is equivalent to? - ✔✔100 mmHg Which of the following will cause an increase in preload? - ✔✔Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) _________________ are small fibrous nodular areas that are normally identified on the central part of the aortic cusps. - ✔✔Nodules of Arantius Aortic coarctation between the origin of the left common carotid and the origin of the left subclavian artery will have what effect on the brachial pressures? - ✔✔Increased right arm pressure and decreased left arm pressure What type of magnification provides the highest frame rate and best image resolution? - ✔✔Preproccessing What level of Pulmonary HTN is present with an acceleration time of 50 m/sec for the pulmonary valve doppler tracing? - ✔✔Severe Which of the following describes the RV? - ✔✔Several chord tendinae attach directly to the ventricular wall A 40 yr old with a 4mm VSD will demonstrate dilation of which of the following chambers 1st? - ✔✔Left Atrium and Left Ventricle When considering treatment options for an aneurysm of the LV, the most important information the surgeon needs to see in the pre-op report is? - ✔✔Motion of the unaffected wall segments Grade III diastolic dysfunction of the LV is commonly associated with? - ✔✔Advanced Restrictive Cardiomyopathy The ______________ represents atrial systole on the doppler tracing of the Pulmonary Vein. - ✔✔A wave Which type of image resolution improves with proper placement of the focal zone at the area of interest? - ✔✔Lateral resolution Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy will usually cause what change in brachial blood pressures during treadmill testing? - ✔✔Decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure Which of the following describes how to visualize all 3 hepatic veins on the same image? - ✔✔Subcostal Transverse view, angled toward patient's right shoulder A patient presents due to a recent stroke. Considering there is a normal septum, which of the following could be a potential cause? - ✔✔Aortic Valve Stenosis Which method for MR assessment is the most accurate when evaluating a mechanical valve mitral valve replacement in the A4C? - ✔✔PISA Radius You suspect calcification in the LV. You activate harmonics and add a focal zone to the field of view. Which type of resolution improves the most? - ✔✔Lateral The vena contract measurement for TR should be performed in what view? - ✔✔Parasternal RV Inflow View The ultrasound system relies on ____________ for accurate recording of motion clips on an echo. - ✔✔R wave and T wave on the EKG Which of the following windows provides the best evaluation of AS using the PEDOF probe? - ✔✔Suprasternal Notch view You are evaluating a patient for elevated LAP, systolic function is normal. Which of the following parameters is used to grade dysfunction? - ✔✔Left Atrial Volume Index Carnitine deficiency is associated with? - ✔✔Dilated Cardiomyopathy