1. Which principle of training emphasizes the need for increasing the intensity and duration of workouts to stimulate improvement? A. Specificity B. Overload C. Reversibility D. Diminishing returns Correct Answer: B. Overload Rationale: The overload principle states that in order to improve physical fitness, the body or specific muscles must be stressed in a manner that increases physiological function to adapt to the demand. 2. How does the principle of specificity apply to designing a training program for a marathon runner? A. Incorporating a variety of sports to enhance overall fitness B. Focusing on lower body strength training exclusively C. Tailoring the training to mimic marathon conditions D. Increasing the frequency of high-intensity interval training Correct Answer: C. Tailoring the training to mimic marathon conditions Rationale: Specificity refers to designing training programs that are closely related to the sport or activity the individual is preparing for, in this case, long-distance running.