1. A 45-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with a new-onset cough and shortness of breath. Which of the following environmental factors should be considered in his assessment? - A. Air quality in his living area - B. Occupational exposures - C. Recent travel history - D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above Rationale: Environmental factors such as air quality, occupational exposures, and travel history can all contribute to respiratory symptoms and should be considered in a comprehensive health assessment. 2. A genetic counselor is assessing a couple's risk of having a child with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial step? - A. Order a sweat chloride test for the couple. - B. Review the family history on both sides. - C. Recommend in vitro fertilization. - D. Start prenatal vitamins. Answer: B. Review the family history on both sides. Rationale: A detailed family history can reveal patterns of inheritance and is a critical first step in genetic counseling for conditions like cystic fibrosis. 3. When assessing a patient from a different cultural background, which action is most important to ensure accurate clinical reasoning? - A. Use a professional interpreter if there is a language barrier. - B. Assume cultural practices based on the patient's appearance. - C. Avoid asking personal questions about cultural beliefs. - D. Only focus on the clinical data. Answer: A. Use a professional interpreter if there is a language barrier. Rationale: Effective communication is essential for accurate assessment and clinical reasoning. Using a professional interpreter can help overcome language barriers and ensure that cultural nuances are understood. 4. A nurse is conducting a health assessment on an elderly Hispanic woman. Which of the following is an important consideration regarding ethnic factors?