1. Nucleolus. 11 points.
A. Name (or describe) two specific types of proteins or nucleic acids that would be likely to be
found in a nucleolus (a subcompartment of the nucleus). 4 nucleus
1: rRNA, rDNA, ribosomal proteins, snoRNAs, histones, RNA Pol I (not mRNAs, ribosomal
protein genes, carbohydrates, or lipids)
2:
-1 pt max for “DNA” with no further explanation
B. Do you think there are phospholipid molecules that localize to a nucleolus? 3 nucleus
Circle one: YES NO
Explain: phospholipids are found in membranes (lipid bilayers) and the nucleolus is not
membrane-bound
C. The nucleolus can be identified in many types of microscopy as a dark region of the nucleus.
Select a type of microscopy below and explain why the nucleolus appears darker than the
surrounding region. Your answer should include both characteristics of the nucleolus and the
type of microscopy. 4 nucleus/methods 1
3
Select one type of microscopy:
phase contrast transmission electron fluorescence microscopy using a DAPI stain for DNA
The signal detected is light (phase contrast) or electrons (TEM) that pass through the sample
and the material in the nucleolus is dense because it contains a lot of molecules and therefore
prevents the light or electrons from passing through. For DAPI, the signal is the emission
wavelength generated by the fluorescent dye DAPI which binds DNA. There is less DNA and
therefore less DAPI in the nucleolus than the surrounding area.
2. Glycoproteins. 18 points
A. Name one extracellular matrix glycoprotein discussed in this course and briefly describe the
function of that protein. ECM 3
Name: laminin, fibronectin, elastin, collagen
Briefly describe function:
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