ANS: B The nurse cares for this patient by becoming familiar with the patient’s individual cultural and ethnic beliefs and values. It is helpful to become familiar with the patient’s ethnic group and the Spanish-speaking community; however, the nurse should not assume that the individual holds the same values, beliefs, and practices as his ethnic group or community. The nurse should explore her own culture but not assume that the patient holds those same beliefs and practices. Difficulty: Moderate Nursing Process: Planning Client Need: PSI Cognitive Level: Application PTS: 1 4. The nurse is teaching a clinic patient about hypertension. Which statement by the patient suggests that he is present-oriented? a) “I know I need to lose weight; I’ll have to begin an exercise program right away.” b) “If I change my diet and begin exercising, maybe I can control my blood pressure without medications.” c) “I know I need to give up foods that contain a lot of salt, but with teenagers in the house it is very difficult.” d) “I will reduce the amount of calories, salt, and fat that I eat; I certainly do not want to have a stroke.” ANS: C Knowing an action is needed, but giving reasons for not beginning it “just now” shows a focus on the present. The patient knows that he should reduce his sodium intake, but his present situation is preventing him from doing so. Therefore, he is disregarding the impact consuming sodium might have on his future. The other responses are future-oriented because they indicate that the patient is planning lifestyle changes that will affect his future. Difficulty: Difficult Nursing Process: Assessment Client Need: PHSI Cognitive Level: Analysis PTS: 1 5. A patient of Japanese heritage avoids asking for narcotics for pain relief. The nurse writes a nursing diagnosis of Pain related to reluctance to take medication secondary to cultural beliefs. If the cultural archetype is true for this particular patient, this probably means that the patient views pain as: a) A punishment for immoral behavior b) An expected, normal part of life c) Best treated with herbal teas and prayer d) A virtue and a matter of family honor ANS: D