1. What is the primary etiological factor for periodontal disease?

 A. Genetic predisposition

 B. Poor oral hygiene

 C. Systemic diseases

 D. Medication side effects

 Answer: B. Poor oral hygiene is considered the primary cause of

periodontal disease because it leads to plaque accumulation, which can

result in gingivitis and, if untreated, progress to periodontitis.

2. Which of the following is a common sign of periodontitis?

 A. Tooth discoloration

 B. Gingival recession

 C. Increased saliva flow

 D. Enamel hypoplasia

 Answer: B. Gingival recession is a common sign of periodontitis and

indicates the destruction of supporting periodontal tissue.

3. During the assessment of a patient with suspected periodontal disease,

which diagnostic test is essential?

 A. Full mouth radiographs

 B. Pulp vitality tests

 C. Occlusal analysis

 D. Saliva testing

 Answer: A. Full mouth radiographs are essential in the assessment of

periodontal disease as they provide information on bone levels and help in

the diagnosis of periodontitis.

4. What is the role of scaling and root planing in the treatment of

periodontal disease?

 A. To restore tooth color

 B. To reduce periodontal pockets

 C. To replace lost teeth

 D. To correct malocclusion

 Answer: B. Scaling and root planing are non-surgical procedures aimed

at removing plaque and calculus from periodontal pockets, thereby

reducing their depth.

5. Which systemic condition is known to exacerbate periodontal disease?