1. Which of the following best describes cultural relativism in the context

of psychology?

a) The idea that psychological phenomena are universal and do not vary

across cultures

b) The imposition of Western psychological theories and interventions on

non-Western cultures

c) The belief that psychological phenomena must be understood within the

cultural context in which they occur

d) The tendency to ignore cultural factors in psychological research and

practice

Answer: c) The belief that psychological phenomena must be understood

within the cultural context in which they occur.

Rationale: Cultural relativism emphasizes the importance of

understanding psychological phenomena in relation to the cultural context,

recognizing the influence of culture on cognition, behavior, and

interpersonal relations.

2. Which of the following statements best represents the concept of

ethnocentrism?

a) The belief that all cultures are equally valid and valuable

b) The tendency to judge other cultures based on the standards and values

of one's own culture

c) The deliberate consideration of cultural factors in psychological

research and practice

d) The effective integration of diverse cultural perspectives into

psychological theories

Answer: b) The tendency to judge other cultures based on the standards

and values of one's own culture.

Rationale: Ethnocentrism refers to perceiving and evaluating other

cultures from the perspective of one's own cultural norms and values,