1. True or False: The octet rule states that atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their valence shell. - Answer: True. Rationale: The octet rule is based on the observation that elements tend to bond in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas. 2. Fill in the blank: In a Lewis structure, a single line represents a __________ bond. - Answer: Single. Rationale: A single line in a Lewis structure represents a single covalent bond, which is a pair of shared electrons between two atoms. 3. Multiple Choice: Which of the following molecular geometries is associated with a central atom that has two lone pairs and two bonded atoms? A) Linear B) Trigonal planar C) Bent D) Tetrahedral - Answer: C) Bent. Rationale: When a central atom has two lone pairs and two bonded atoms, the molecular geometry is bent or angular due to the repulsion between the electron pairs. 4. Open-ended: Describe the electron configuration of an ion that has achieved a pseudo-noble gas configuration. - Answer: A pseudo-noble gas configuration occurs when an ion has 18 electrons in its valence shell instead of 8, resembling the electron configuration of a noble gas from the previous period. 5. True or False: Ionic bonds result from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, leading to the formation of oppositely charged ions.