1. A caregiver is taking care of a patient with chronic pain

who is prescribed opioid medication. The caregiver notices

that the patient is becoming more irritable, restless, and

anxious. The caregiver suspects that the patient is

experiencing:

a) Opioid tolerance

b) Opioid dependence

c) Opioid withdrawal*

d) Opioid overdose

Rationale: Opioid withdrawal is a syndrome that occurs

when a person who has been taking opioids for a long time

suddenly stops or reduces their dose. It can cause

symptoms such as irritability, restlessness, anxiety, muscle

aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and sweating. Opioid

tolerance is a condition where the body adapts to the effects

of opioids and requires higher doses to achieve the same

effect. Opioid dependence is a state where the body relies

on opioids to function normally and experiences

withdrawal symptoms when opioids are absent. Opioid

overdose is a life-threatening situation where too much

opioid causes respiratory depression, coma, and death.

2. A caregiver is taking care of a patient with terminal

cancer who has expressed a wish to die at home. The

caregiver wants to respect the patient's preference and

provide comfort care. The caregiver should:

a) Discuss the patient's goals of care and advance directives

with the patient and the health care team*

b) Arrange for hospice or palliative care services to support