1. What is an Eschatology? a. A story of life after death, during Archaic Period 2. What is the Underworld? a. Final home for mortals, no light, substance or hope/joy b. Enter at extreme/inaccessible regions of the world i. Must cross river (Ex. Styx) – boundary of life/death ii. No escape, Hermes is Psychopomp that leads spirits c. Controlled by Hades, Charon is ferry-man i. Cerberus guards the gates d. Later myths reflect idea of something better after death i. Mystery religions hope for blessed afterlife 3. What are the 2 types of recompense for heroes? a. Timé: awarded while alive, honour/recognition (ex. Precious objects, best portions of feast) b. Kleos: awarded after death, fame/glory (ex. Songs, monuments) – “like after death” 4. What is Tartarus? a. Lower than the Underworld, for the most horrible criminals: i. Tityus: son of Zeus, tried to rape Leto, killed by her children  tied to ground with vultures eating his liver ii. Tantalus: son of Zeus, stole divine food, tried to trick them with serving his son Pelops to them  Eternally tantalized by food and drink iii. Sisyphus: tied up Thanatos (“death”) so no one dies; Ares untied him and “killed” Sisyphus  Tricked Hades; told wife not to do funeral rites so he couldn’t go to Underworld; stayed on Earth until old age  Punished with pushing rock up-hill only for it to roll down iv. Ixion: first to kill own kin (father-in-law)  No god could cure his miasma, Zeus did and invited him to feast w/ gods; tried to rape Hera a. Replaced with cloud, produced Kentauros (Centaur)  Punished with wheel rolling over Underworld 5. The Odyssey Book 11