1. Shifting costs in healthcare systems refer to: A. The transfer of financial responsibility from patients to insurance companies B. The movement of expenses from one service provider to another C. The fluctuation in pricing for medical procedures D. The process of determining cost-sharing between patients and providers Answer: D. The process of determining cost-sharing between patients and providers Rationale: Shifting costs in healthcare systems involves deciding who will bear the financial burden of medical services, whether it be patients, insurance companies, or healthcare providers. 2. Which of the following is an example of cost-shifting in healthcare? A. Hospitals transferring the cost of treating uninsured patients to insured patients B. Patients paying out-of-pocket for elective procedures C. Insurance companies raising premiums to cover rising healthcare costs D. Healthcare providers negotiating lower prices with pharmaceutical companies Answer: A. Hospitals transferring the cost of treating uninsured patients to insured patients Rationale: Cost-shifting occurs when healthcare providers pass on the cost of treating patients who cannot pay to other patients or entities, such as insurance companies. 3. The term "health care environments" refers to: A. The physical settings where healthcare services are provided