COMMUNITY HEALTH EXAM 1 REVIEW
ADVANCE DIRECTIVES
Are legal documents that provide instructions for medical care and only go into effect is a person cannot
communicate their own wishes. The 2 most common advance directives for health care are the living will and
the durable power of attorney for health care. The advanced directives allow a person to make plans ahead of
time to ensure they get the medical care they want to receive.
WEB OF CAUSATION –The web of causation is a model that explains how multiple factors contribute to the
cause of a disease or illness. The web of causation model illustrates the complexity of relationships among
causal variables. Works with chronic illnesses.
DEFINITION OF HEALTH
Health is “being sound in body, mind, and spirit: freedom from physical disease or pain”
MODEL OF DISEASE PREVENTIOIN - 3 LEVELS OF PREVENTION
PRIMARY PREVENTION Primary prevention consists of 2 elements General Health Promotion and Protective
Factors and Target Essentially Well Populations and Specific Health Protective Measures. The focus of primary
prevention is focused on prevention of the initial occurrence of disease or injury and interventions that occur
before the disease develops, preventing health problems through health promotion and education to improve
the overall health of the population. Health promotion at this level encourages healthy individuals to
strengthen and further support their good health. Specific protection is aimed at healthy individuals, but the
focus is on prevention of specific diseases or injuries. Examples include vaccinations/immunizations,
promoting seatbelts when riding in a vehicle, helmets when riding a bicycle, health education, promotion of
good nutrition, provision of adequate shelter, encouraging regular exercise, water purification, smoking
cessation education, prenatal classes and family planning, sex education, nutrition education, communicable
disease prevention education, educating about health and hygiene issues to specific groups (daycare workers,
restaurant workers), advocating for equitable access to health care and healthy environments, Education on
birth control and birthing simulator demonstration.
Relates to activities directed at preventing a problem before it occurs by altering susceptibility or reducing
exposure for susceptible individuals.
One of the strategies to prevent the disease
 Prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases.
 Educate the public regarding the infectious disease and the need for immunizations.
 Counsel clients traveling to other countries about protection from infectious diseases. Refer clients to
the health department for information about mandatory immunizations for their travel destination.
 Educate the public about disease prevention and ways to eliminate risk factors for exposure (e.g., hand
hygiene, universal precautions, use of insecticides, proper food handling and storage, and condom
use).