Chapter 01 - History of Respiratory Care Kacmarek et al.: Egan’s Fundamentals of Respiratory Care, 11th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is an expected role of a respiratory therapist? 1. Promoting lung health and wellness 2. Providing patient education 3. Assessing the patient’s cardiopulmonary health status 4. Selling oxygen (O2) therapy devices to patients a. 1 only b. 1 and 4 only c. 1, 2, and 3 only d. 1, 2, 3, and 4 ANS: C Respiratory care includes the assessment, treatment, management, control, diagnostic evaluation, education, and care of patients with deficiencies and abnormalities of the cardiopulmonary system.Respiratory care is increasingly involved in the prevention of respiratory disease, the management of patients with chronic disease, and promotion of health and wellness. DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 2. Where are the majority of respiratory therapists employed? a. Skilled nursing facilities b. Diagnostic laboratories c. Hospitals or acute care settings d. Outpatient physician offices ANS: C Approximately 75% of all respiratory therapists work in hospitals or other acute care settings. DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 3. Who is considered to be the “father of medicine”? a. Hippocrates b. Galen c. Erasistratus d. Aristotle ANS: A The foundation of modern Western medicine was laid in ancient Greece with the development of the Hippocratic Corpus. This collection of ancient medical writings is attributed to the “father of medicine,” Hippocrates, a Greek physician who lived during the fifth and fourth centuries BC. DIF: Recall REF: pp. 3-4 OBJ: 2 4. In 1662, a chemist published a book that described the relationship between gas, volume, and pressure. What was the chemist’s name? a. Sir Isaac Newton b. Robert Boyle c. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek d. Nicolaus Copernicus ANS: B The chemist, Robert Boyle, published what is now known as “Boyle’s law,” governing the relationship between gas, volume, and pressure. DIF: Recall REF: p. 6 OBJ: 2 5. Who discovered O2 in 1774 and described it as “dephlogisticated air”? a. Robert Boyle b. Jacque Charles c. Thomas Beddoes d. Joseph Priestley ANS: D In 1774, Joseph Priestley described his discovery of O2, which he called “dephlogisticated air.” DIF: Recall REF: pp. 6-7 OBJ: 2 6. Who is credited with first describing the law of partial pressures for a gas mixture? a. John Dalton b. Joseph Prestley c. Jacque Charles d. Thomas Young ANS: A John Dalton described his law of partial pressures for a gas mixture in 1801 and his atomic theory in 1808. DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJ: 2 7. Who was the first scientist in 1865 to suggest that microorganisms caused many diseases? a. Thomas Young b. Louis Pasteur c. Henry Graham d. Robert Koch ANS: B In 1865, Louis Pasteur advanced his “germ theory” of disease, which held that many diseases are caused by microorganisms. DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJ: 2 8. Who discovered the x-ray and opened the door for the modern field of radiology? a. John Dalton b. William Smith c. William Roentgen d. Thomas Young ANS: C In 1895, William Roentgen discovered the x-ray and the modern field of radiologic imaging sciences was born. DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJ: 2 9. What was the primary duty of the first inhalation therapists? a. Provide airway care. b. Support O2 therapy. c. Aerosol therapy to patients. d. Maintain patients on mechanical ventilation. ANS: B The first inhalation therapists were really just O2 technicians. DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJ: 3 10. When did the designation “respiratory therapist” become standard? a. 1954 b. 1964 c. 1974 d. 1984 ANS: C In 1974, the designation “respiratory therapist” became standard. DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJ: 3 11. Who was the first to develop the large-scale production of O2 in 1907? a. Robert Dalton b. David Boyle c. Thomas Anderson d. Karl von Linde ANS: D Large-scale production of O2 was developed by Karl von Linde in 1907. DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 12. When was the first Venti-mask introduced that allows the precise delivery of 24%, 28%, 35%, and 40% O2? a. 1945 b. 1954 c. 1960 d. 1972 ANS: C The Campbell Venti-mask, which allowed the administration of 24%, 28%, 35%, or 40% O2, was introduced in 1960.