Introduction to Machine Learning
Machine Learning: the study of computational mechanisms that "learn" from data in order to
make predictions and decisions
o Statistical data-driven Computation Models
o Real domains (vision,speech behavior):
No E=MC^2
Noisy, complex, nonlinear
Have many variables
Non-deterministic
Incomplete, approximate models
o Need:statistical models driven by data & sensors
o Bottom-up: use data to form a model
o Why? Complex data everywhere, audio, video, internet
o Intelligence = Learning = Prediction
o Statistician: Breiman, industry learning, very efficient
Machine Learning Tacks
o Supervised: algorithms where we have the answers in advanced and making forecasts for
future data (a known relationship/function). The learning part happens where the results
can be compared to with expected values.
Classification
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Regression
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o Unsupervised: algorithms don't know in advanced the labels/clusters/relevant features.
Exploring what we see and figure out what information we have.
Modeling/Structuring
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Representing data, help organize data
Clustering
Separating into common characteristics
Find what the groups are and the similar features
Feature Selection
Extracting most relevant features
Detection
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Below a certain threshold
Machine Learning Applications
o Interdisciplinary (CS, Math, Stats, Physics, OR, Psych)
o Data-driven approach to AI
o Many domains are too hard to do manually
o For example (any type of large data sets):
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