QUESTION 1 1. The counseling profession has fully adapted to the diversity of society. True False QUESTION 2 1. Teasing out stressors poses a challenge for the family therapist because of the family’s: A . Mistrust of therapy B . Severity of pain C . Multigenerational issues D . Many stories QUESTION 3 1. Rational emotive behavior therapy is based on the assumption that humans have a biological tendency to think irrationally as well as rationally. True False QUESTION 4 1. The family life spiral is: A . An example of family decline B . A linear model C . An example of a life stressor D . A developmental model QUESTION 5 1. The central concept of the expressive arts approach in counseling is: A . Action B . Selfactualization C . Reaction D . None of the above QUESTION 6 1. The founders of solution-focused brief therapy are: A . Michael White and David Epston B . Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer C . Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis D . Frederick and Laura Perls QUESTION 7 1. All of the following are techniques used in solution-focused therapy, except for: A . Exception questions B . The miracle question C . Using a reflecting team D . Scaling questions QUESTION 8 1. To adequately understand the culturally different client, counselors should have some specific information about that culture. True False QUESTION 9 1. Which of the following family therapists is best known for his or her strategic approach to treatment? A . Minuchi n B . Bowen C . Haley D . Satir QUESTION 10 1. Which one of the following is not associated with the cognitive-behavioral actionoriented therapies? A . Cognitive therapy B . Existential therapy C . Rational emotive behavior therapy D . Reality therapy QUESTION 11 1. Two major disorders given a great deal of attention in feminist literature are: A . Personality disorders and bipolar disorders B . Insomnia and post-traumatic stress disorder C . Borderline personality disorders and hypertension D . Eating disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder QUESTION 12 1. Transpersonalism views the development of higher consciousness as being necessary for transforming our lives. True False QUESTION 13 1. Reality therapy can be applied to the following clients: A . The elderly and retired B . Preschool children C . Addicted clients D . All of the above QUESTION 14 1. Cognitive-behavioral theories involve cognitive restructuring, coping skills, and problem solving. True False QUESTION 15 1. Adlerians believe that discouragement: A . is the basic condition that prevents people from functioning. B . can be overcome with medication. C . is not part of an Adlerian viewpoint. D . is minimal in comparison with other dysfunctions. QUESTION 16 1. William Glasser would agree with all of the following except: A . People try to change their world to match what they want B . People are more likely to change when threatened by punishment C . People do not have to be victims of their past experiences D . People have more control over their lives than they realize QUESTION 17 1. Unearned access to resources that is readily available to members of agent groups is known as: A . Dominan ce B . Superiori ty C . Culture D . Privilege QUESTION 18 1. The term minority or marginalized refers to: A . Groups and individuals who have strong cultural assets B . Groups and individuals who have larger numbers and more power C . Groups and individuals who have fewer numbers and less power D . Groups and individuals who have fewer cultural assets QUESTION 19 1. In choice theory, human motivation springs from which of these five sources? A . Power, achievement, enjoyment, information, security B . Belonging, survival, knowledge, fun, power C . Survival, achievement, love, success, pride D . Survival, belonging, power, freedom, fun QUESTION 20 1. Action therapy is considered a form of: A . Dance therapy B . Narrative therapy C . Art therapy D . Both A and C QUESTION 21 1. Art therapy, dance/movement therapy, music therapy, and drama therapy are all considered: A . Expressive arts approaches B . Eclectic approaches C . Symbolic approaches D . Narrative approaches QUESTION 22 1. Which of the following family therapists is best known for his or her structural approach to treatment: A . Satir B . Bowen C . Haley D . Minuchi n QUESTION 23 1. According to Albert Ellis, “shoulds,” “oughts,” and “musts” fall under which of the following categories? A . Selfdemandingness B Other- . demandingness C . Worlddemandingness D . All of the above QUESTION 24 1. A family system’s perspective implies: A . Systemic intervention must be used to disrupt unhealthy family interactions B . That clients are autonomous and independent of their families C . The outside world is the most powerful influence on a person’s development D . Clients are best understood through the context of their familial roles QUESTION 25 1. In reality therapy, the skilled counselor or therapist treats behavior as: A . Caused by self-verbalizations that can be helpful or hurtful B . Information received from parents and from the surrounding culture C . Chosen as a result of unmet wants and needs D . The result of social pressure and limited perceptions of possibilities QUESTION 26 1. The central issue in existential therapy is: A . examining irrational beliefs. B . counter-transference. C . resistance. D . freedom and responsibility. QUESTION 27 1. One of the primary goals of transpersonal counseling is to: A . Bring the client to an acceptable level of mental health B . Bring the client to a point where he or she can begin to work on transpersonal issues C . Take the client into the realm of transcendence, unity, and extraordinary mental health D . None of the above QUESTION 28 1. Feminist theory is: A . Not a singular, unified counseling theory B . Unified C . Antimale D . Profemale QUESTION 29 1. Which of the following is not considered one of the six core principles of feminist therapy? A . An intrapsychic orientation B . Recognition of all types of oppression C . Commitment to social change D . The person is political. QUESTION 30 1. Feminist counselors believe it is essential to recognize that women and men are socialized differently and that gender role expectations begin to influence human development from the moment a child is born. True False QUESTION 31 1. When using extinction to change behavior: A . You should expect positive behavior to decrease B . You should expect positive behavior to increase C . You should expect a burst of negative behavior, followed by positive behavior D You should expect a burst of positive behavior that fades away . QUESTION 32 1. A client is partaking in cognitive distortion when he or she exaggerates a negative event to the point that the event has more impact than it deserves. What is this called? A . Disqualifying the positive B . Catastrophizing C . All-or-nothing thinking D . None of the above QUESTION 33 1. Which of the following are true regarding advocacy as a part of counseling and psychotherapy? A . Counselors or therapists should assume that clients cannot advocate for themselves. B . Advocating for clients and client groups damages the therapeutic alliance. C . Advocacy is different from counseling and psychotherapy in that clients do not need informed consent. D . Advocacy can take place at many different levels from individual to systemic. QUESTION 34 1. In practicing reality therapy, counselors and therapists focus on: A . Personal history B . The interpersonal relationships of the client C . Family history D . Insight into causes of behavior QUESTION 35 1. In the A-B-C model proposed by Albert Ellis, the factor that creates the emotional and behavioral consequences is the: A . Activating event B . Consequences C . Beliefs D . None of the above. QUESTION 36 1. As a person becomes more congruent, which of the following changes is most likely to be seen? A . success in a failing relationship B . greater self-empowerment C . eradication of problem behaviors D . elimination of negative thoughts QUESTION 37 1. The core practice of transpersonal counseling includes which of the following: A . Mindfulness B . Yoga C . Biofeedback D . All of the above QUESTION 38 1. The Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development’s Multicultural Counseling Competencies emphasize: A . Knowledge of different cultures, their customs, and traditional foods B . Self-awareness, awareness of clients’ worldviews, and awareness of culturally appropriate interventions C . Not working with culturally different clients D . Self-awareness, spiritual awareness, and valuing peace QUESTION 39 1. All of the following are goals of feminist therapy, except for: A . Resolving intrapsychic conflicts from early childhood B . Striving for gender equality C Confronting forms of institutional oppression . D . Freeing clients of gender role socialization