CSET World Language: Subtest IV (Borrowed) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8i3dnc 1. Elective bilingualism Majority member learning second language without losing first languages. It is whereby L2 is acquired through language classes, and have been immersed by CHOICE in a social context for a prolonged period of time where the L2 language is spoken as the L1. 2. Circumstantial bilingualism People are in circumstances where they relocate to a new country and MUST learn the new language for survival. The child learners will enter a "functional" stage of learning the language after about two years of being in a new country. This means that they will basically be fluent and able to function in all aspects of life with needed written and oral language skills. Interestingly, when the child has reached this stage, they will begin to avoid using their native language. However, this native language will still be present in the way they both speak and write. Adult learners will most likely not enter the functional stage until they have been in the new country for 10 years. They will also remain native language preferent. 3. Language skills Observable, clearly defined components of language. They are skills to read, write, speak, and listen effectively. 4. Language competence Inner mental representation of language. It is the system of linguistic knowledge possessed by native speakers of a language. It is distinguished from linguistic performance, which is the way a language system is used in communication. 5. Language performance Outward evidence of language competence. It is the way a language system is used in communication. 6. Language achievement Outcome of formal instruction. 7. Balanced bilingual Someone who is equally competent in two languages. 8. Semilingual Someone who does not have total competency in either one or two languages. It is as a person who know two 1 / 19 CSET World Language: Subtest IV (Borrowed) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8i3dnc languages but exhibit low profile in both, that involves have poor vocabulary and wrong grammar. 9. Oracy Receptive skill: listening Productive skill: speaking 10. Literacy Receptive skill: reading Productive skill: writing 11. Fractional view of bilingualism. Bilinguals as being the equivalent of two monolinguals in one person. This view considers bilinguals as developing parallel linguistic competence in both languages simultaneously, and studies following this perspective often compare bilinguals with monolinguals. 12. Holistic view of bilingualism Bilingual doesn't equal two monolinguals in one person (contrast to fractional view of bilingualism), can't measure against native speaker. Different languages in different contexts. each bilingual is a unique individual who integrates knowledge of and from both languages. 13. Diglossia Two languages in a community. It is a situation in which two dialects or languages are used by a single language community. In addition to the community's everyday language variety (labeled "L" or "low" variety), a second, highly codified variety (labeled "H" or "high") is used in certain situations such as literature, formal education, or other specific settings, but not used for ordinary conversation. In most cases, the H variety has no native speakers