1. Which of the following statements accurately represents

the concept of temperament in child psychology?

A) Temperament refers to a child's learned behaviors and

beliefs.

B) Temperament encompasses a child's emotional, activity,

and sociability levels.

C) Temperament is solely determined by genetic factors.

D) Temperament remains unchanged throughout a child's

development.

Answer: B) Temperament encompasses a child's emotional,

activity, and sociability levels.

Rationale: Temperament represents the innate, biologically

based individual differences in a child's reactions and

responses to their environment. It includes factors such as a

child's approach or withdrawal to new situations, intensity

of emotional expressions, activity levels, and sociability.

Temperament is a combination of genetic and

environmental factors and is shaped through the interaction

between the child and their caregivers or environment.

2. Which of the following theories suggests that children

actively construct their understanding of the world through

their interactions and experiences?

A) Piaget's theory of cognitive development

B) Erikson's psychosocial theory

C) Skinner's behaviorism theory