DEX IOT DAY TEST NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A 1. What is flatfoot (pes planus)?: Collapse of the medial longitudinal arch due to progression degeneration of the Posterior tibial tendon. If left untreated the deformity can advance into arthritis in the joints associated in the midfoot and hindfoot leading to fusion. 2. What is the function of the Posterior tibial tendon (PTT)?: Maintain the talonavicular joint at the apex of the three arches. 3. How does the foot change as the disorder progresses?: It becomes more rigid. 4. What other structures can be damaged due to tendon dysfunction?: Spring ligament, talocalcaneal ligaments, deltoid ligament, plantar fascia, and other soft-tissue structures. 5. What is necessary for the development of the characteristic planovalgus deformity of AAFD?: Failure of multiple stabilizers, depressed plantar-flexed talus bone, hindfoot and/or midfoot valgus, and an everted flattened forefoot. 6. What are the commonly used metrics for the longitudinal arch?: Meary angle (A), calcaneal inclination angle (B), and calcaneal-fifth metatarsal angle (C). 7. What is mearys angle?: Angle between the long axis of the talus and the long axis of the first metatarsal 8. What is the calcaneal inclination angle: Angle between the line at the plantar calc surface and the horizontal plane 9. What is calc-5th metatarsal angel: Angle between the line at the plantar surface and the line at the inferior 5th met shaft . 2 / 11 10. What are the standard Meary angle (A), calcaneal inclination angle (B), and calcaneal-fifth metatarsal angle (C).: 0 (Parallel), 20 - 30, 150-165 11. What is hindfoot valgus?: Abnormal outward angulation of the hindfoot. 12. What is forefoot abduction?: Abnormal outward angulation of the forefoot. 13. What is the talocalcaneal angle (kite angle)?: Angle between the line bisecting the head and neck of the talus and the line parallel to the lateral surface of the calcaneus 14. What is the talus first metatarsal alignment axis?: Line drawn along the long axis of the talus, extended into the forefoot, its orientation compared with that of the first metatarsal shaft 15. What is the talonavicular angle?: Angle between the articular surface of the talar head and the articular surface of the proximal navicular bone 16 What are the normal values for talocalcaneal angle (kite angle), talus first metatarsal alignment, talonavicular angle?: >25 - 40, Talar axis angled slightly lateral to 1st met shaft, parallel (0). 17. What starts the path towards flat foot deformity?: Swelling or slight tear of the PTT (Posterior Tibial Tendon). This is not enough to lead to substantial deformity on its own 18. How does injury to a persons PTT lead to flat foot?: The injured PTT leads to increased strain on the other stabilizers of the ankle. This all combined can then lead to noticeable predictable deformity 19. What are the other stabilizers affected by flatfoot deformity?: Spring ligament and talocalcaneal ligaments.