1. From the atmosphere, what structures does air pass through during ventilation?: Starts in atmosphere, then nose, nasopharyngeal space/orophargyneal space (if mouth breather), then pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli 2. What is the purpose of the nasal passages and nasopharynx?: To warm/humidify air as it passes through 3. What is the difference between respiration and ventilation?: Respiration refers to the exchange of gases in the alveoli, ventilation refers to the movement of air into the lungs. Respiration is needed to provide O2 to cells and remove waste products. Also regulates pH of blood. 4. What are the structures of the upper airway?: nose, mouth, tongue, jaw, pharynx and larynx 5. What structure is considered a landmark that divides the upper airway from lower?: The larynx, anything above is upper. The larynx and below are lower. 2 / 15 6. What are the structures of the lower airways?: larynx (includes adam's apple/thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, cricoid cartilage), trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli 7. Describe the anatomy of the larynx.: From superior to inferior.Thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, and cricoid membrane. The thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage are anterior to the larynx, and the cricothyroid membrane is posterior to both structures. 8. True or false: the lungs are completely equal in the midsaggital plane.: False, right lungs has 3 lobes, left lung only has 2 lobes. Together they have 5 total. Also, the right bronchi is inferior to the left bronchi. 9. What are the structures of the lungs in order of ventilation?: bronchioles, and alveoli 10. True or false: the lungs use muscles found in the lateral lobes to expand and contract?: False: the lungs are hollow organs and contain no muscles. When the diaphragm contracts it expands the thoracic cavity. The pleural space has a negative pressure and the lungs expand.This results in a slightly negative pressure (compared to the atmosphere) and air rushes in.