What is the rate of CPR in breaths and compressions: ✔✔6 breaths and 110 compressions in a minute What is considered tachycardic for an adult? ✔✔heart rate more than 100 What is considered bradycardic for an adult? ✔✔Heart rate less than 60 When is nitroglycerin not advised to be administered? ✔✔if the systolic blood pressure is less than 100 Where does blood flow after it leaves the left ventricle? ✔✔it flows to the aortic arch What medication is Erectile Dysfunction medications a contraindication? ✔✔nitroglycerin What is the parasympathetic system responsible for? ✔✔slowing the heart rate and intestinal activity What is the function of the carotid artery? ✔✔it carries blood from the heart to the head Are open ended or close ended questions better to ask? ✔✔open ended questions; it avoids the yes/no answer what delivers blood to the right atrium? ✔✔the superior and inferior vena cava What does diastolic blood pressure refer to? ✔✔it refers to the pressure of the vessels during the relaxation phase; bottom of the blood pressure What is TIA ✔✔transient ischemic attack; this is where vessels in the brain are blocked for a few minutes When do you change roles during CPR? ✔✔every two minutes What is another name for a heart attack? ✔✔acute myocardial infarction What does nitroglycerin do? ✔✔nitroglycerin dilates the vessels to reduce the hearts preload When cells are deprived of oxygen and die they are called? ✔✔infarcted cells What type of heart attack is extremely common in elderly? ✔✔silent heart attack What is arteriosclerosis? ✔✔thickening of arterial walls What is pericardial tamponade? ✔✔the heart is impeded by fluid in the pericardium What happens when someone has a pericardial tamponade? ✔✔low blood pressure; muffled heart sound; weak pulse due to the hearts struggles to pump If a patient is unresponsive with a pulse you: ✔✔2 quick rescue breaths then breaths 10-12 every minute what does a sphygmonometer measure? ✔✔it measures blood pressure what is a normal systolic blood pressure for a child? ✔✔80-110 what are three things to check if suspicious of a stroke? ✔✔speech, facial droop, arm drift what are the actions of nitroglycerin ✔✔smooth muscle relaxation, reduces cardiac workload, dilates coronary arteries, and dilates systemic arteries what happens if a patient has preeclampsia? ✔✔hypertensive; extremely high blood pressure and swelling in extremeties; susceptible to seizures what is an ischemic stroke? ✔✔blood flow being cut off from part of the brain what is the normal heart rate for a child ✔✔70-110 beats per minute what ratio should 2 person cpr on a child be done at? ✔✔15:2 what is the correct treatment for someone undergoing aphyxial cardiac arrest? ✔✔5 cycles of CPR prior to retrieving the AED or emergency response system what is the most common reason for cardiac arrest in children? ✔✔respiratory arrest what does the term lumen refer to in EMS? ✔✔the diameter of a tube rescue breathing guidelines: ✔✔adult: 1 breath every 5-6 seconds; child: 1 breath every 3-5 seconds what does placing a folded towel underneath a childs shoulders do? ✔✔it aids in aligning the childs airway what does DKA cause? ✔✔it causes frequent urination in an attempt to rid the body of excess acid buildup what does alpha 1 receptors do? ✔✔vasoconstricts/shunts blood what does beta 1 receptors do? ✔✔increases HR/contractility what is the difference between compensatory and decompensatory stages of shock? ✔✔compensatory: normal blood pressure decompensatory: Systemic blood pressure decreases and altered mental status two types of frontal impact is: ✔✔up and over or down and under up and over crashes injur: ✔✔head, neck, chest, abdomen down and under crash injury: ✔✔knees, femurs, hips, pelvis, spine what is the paper bag effect? ✔✔when a victim takes a deep breath before impact and the air trapped in the lungs is compressed; may cause a pneumothorax coupe/contra coupe: ✔✔entire brain shifts forward hitting frontal bone and snapping veins/arteries; anterior and posterior bleeds what is the Don Juan Syndrome? ✔✔landing feet first; bilateral heel fractures; ankle fractures; distal tibia/fibula fractures; knee dislocations; femur fractures, hip injuries, spine compression fractures what are the 4 forces acting on a bullet? ✔✔drag, profile, cavitation, fragmentation arterial bleed: ✔✔spurting, pulsating flow; bright red venus bleed: ✔✔steady slow flow; dark red capillary bleed: ✔✔slow, even flow; dark to intermediate red Femur Blood Loss: ✔✔1500 mL Pelvic blood loss: ✔✔2000 mL abdomen loss with 1 inch distention: ✔✔1000-2000 mL hematemisis signs: ✔✔blood in vomit hematochezia signs: ✔✔bright red blood in feces; indicates a bleed in the lower GI tract Melena signs: ✔✔dark red blood in feces; indicates a bleed in the upper respiratory tract what do you do if an internal organ is exposed? ✔✔occlusive dressing x4; flex hips/knees if no spinal injury if an object is impaled what do you do? ✔✔manually secure; control bleeding and stabilize object ecchymosis is: ✔✔a bruise; deoxygenated blood in the tissue fist size hemotoma causes how much blood loss? ✔✔10% blood loss how do you treat a chest impalement? ✔✔occlusive dressing on 3 sides