Final Exam: NUR631/ NUR 631 (Latest 2023/2024 Update) Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Exam| Questions and Verified Answers with Rationales| 100% Correct| Grade A- GCU

Final Exam: NUR631/ NUR 631 (Latest

2023/2024 Update) Advanced Physiology and

Pathophysiology Exam| Questions and

Verified Answers with Rationales| 100%

Correct| Grade A- GCU

Q: Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condition?

a. Pleural effusion

b. Atelectasis

c. Bronchiectasis

d. Ischemia

Answer:

a. Pleural Effusion

Rationale: Pleural effusion is the presence of fluid in the pleural space. page1254

Q: Which medication classification is generally included in the treatment of silicosis?

a. Corticosteroids

b. Antiboitics

c. Bronchodilators

d. Expectorants

Answer:

a. Corticosteroids

Rationale: No specific treatment exists for silicosis, although corticosteroids may produce some

improvement in the early, more acute stages. page 1259

Q: The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature infants when they

are born between how many weeks of gestation?

a. 16 and 24

b. 20 and 24

c. 24 and 30

d. 30 and 36

Answer:

d. 30 and 36

Rationale: Surfactant is secreted into fetal airways between 30 and 36 weeks. The other options

are not true regarding the timeframe when the risk for RDS decreases. page 1292

Q: What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the

newborn?

a. Low birth weight

b. Alcohol consumption during pregnanc

c. Premature birth

d. Smoking during pregnancy

Answer:

a. Premature birth

Rationale: RDS of the newborn, also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a major

cause of morbidity and mortality in premature newborns. page 1301

Q: What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?

a. Immature immune system

b. Small alveoli

c. Surfactant deficiency

d. Anemia

Answer:

c. Surfactant deficiency

Rationale: RDS is primarily caused by surfactant deficiency and secondarily by a deficiency in

alveolar surface area for gas exchange. page 1301

Q: What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the

newborn?

a. Consolidation

b. Pulmonary edema

c. Atelectasis

d. Bronchiolar plugging

Answer:

c. Atelectasis

Rationale: The primary problem is atelectasis, which causes significant hypoxemia and is

difficult for the neonate to overcome because a significant negative inspiratory pressure is

required to open the alveoli with each breath. None of the other options are considered a primary

problem associated with RDS. page 1301

Q: Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?

a. Obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial

hyperreactivity, and inflammation

b. Respiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and

diffuse densities on chest X-ray imaging

c. P!ulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus

that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens

d. Pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary

resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency

Answer:

c. Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus

that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is best described as a pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal

expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat

ducts, and vas deferens. This selection is the only option that accurately describes cystic fibrosis.

pages 1310-1311

Q: Cystic fibrosis is caused by which process?

a. Autosomal recessive inheritance

b. Autosomal dominant inheritance

c. Infection

d. Malignancy

Answer:

a. Autosomal recessive inheritance

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder that is associated with

defective epithelial ion transport. None of the other options cause cystic fibrosis. page 1310

Q: What are the abnormalities in cytokines found in children with cystic fibrosis (CF)?

a. Deficit of interleukin(IL)-1 and an excess of IL-4, IL-12, and interferon-alpha (IFN-α)

b. Deficit of IL-6 and an excess of IL-2, IL-8 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)

c. Deficit of IL-10 and an excess of IL-1, IL-8 and TNF α

d. Deficit of IL-3 and an excess of IL-14, IL- 24 & colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

Answer:

c. Deficit of IL-10 and an excess of IL-1 , IL-8 and TNF α

Rationale: Abnormal cytokine profiles have been documented in CF airway fluids, including

deficient IL-10 and excessive IL-1, IL-8, and TNF-α, all changes conducive to promoting

inflammation. pages 1311-12

Q: Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting

duct?

a. Antidiuretic hormone

b. Aldosterone

c. Cortisol

d. Adrenocorticotropin hormone

Answer:

a. Antidiuretic hormone

Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and

collecting duct. The later, straight segment of the distal tubule and the collecting duct are

permeable to water as controlled by antidiuretic hormone. The other options are not involved in

this process. page 1331