What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)? - correct answer Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), hyponatremia, concentrated urine (from excess water resorption), elevated urine osmolality, mental status changes from cerebral edema. Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - correct answer Hypernatremia Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - correct answer diluted with low osmolality and hyponatremia How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic Foley, dark urine, and Cr increase from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? - correct answer Flush the Foley catheter to see if urine comes out and assess the patency of the catheter. This action will unblock clogged sediment or biofilm from chronic bacteriuria. When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should be offered prior to discharge? - correct answer Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and Metronidazole. Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - correct answer hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and hypertension What causes Cushing syndrome? - correct answer Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can be exogenous (from therapy) or endogenous (from adenoma or neoplasm). Manifestations of Cushing syndrome? - correct answer hypertension, truncal obesity, osteoporosis, skin fragility, and hyperglycemia. What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary adrenocortical insufficiency? - correct answer Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical insufficiency What is Trousseau's sign? - correct answer A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the upper arm with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia. What is Chvostek’s sign? - correct answer A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the facial nerve below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia. What is Babinski's sign? - correct answer an upward response (extension) of the hallux when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord disease in adults. What is Romberg's sign? - correct answer Loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed. Usually indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum. What is Homan's sign? - correct answer pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated with DVT. What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome? - correct answer Urinalysis: Specific gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present. Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates. BUN 30, Cr 3.0 Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis What is Goodpasture syndrome? - correct answer Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular basement membranes by cytotoxic antibody. Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome? - correct answer Hospitalization, pulse dose of steroids, begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy. Characteristics of Grave's disease - correct answer Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral show, proptosis) and hyperthyroidism What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus? - correct answer Proteus mirabilus What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome? - correct answer Staphylococcus aureus