Drainage - refers to the passive or active removal of fluids from a body cavity, wound, or other source of discharge by one or more methods ex: closed urinary drainage system or an open drainage system (Jackson-Pratt) Exudate - fluid, cells, or other substances that have been discharged from cells or blood vessels slowly through small pores or breaks in cell membranes; examples: pus, perspiration, serum Pruritus - itching Vertigo - is a type of dizziness, where there is a feeling of motion when one is stationary Diplopia - double vision Erythema - redness of the skin Disease - any disturbance of the structure or function of the body Congenital Diseases - diseases existing at birth; not caused by genetic abnormalities; result from some failure in development during the embryonic stage (first 2 months) of pregnancy; contributing factors include inadequate oxygen, maternal infection, drugs, malnutrition, etc...; structural and functional defects may occur Neoplastic - pertaining to a new growth Etiology - cause of disease Hereditary Diseases - transmitted genetically from parents to children; examples: sickle cell anemia, color blindness, and hemophilia Hemophilia - a hereditary disease where blood does not coagulate to stop bleeding Inflammatory Diseases - those in which the body reacts to a causative agent through an inflammatory process (often to microorganisms such as in pharyngitis and bronchitis); other diseases, such as hay fever, occur due to an allergic reaction Infectious Diseases - result from the invasion of microorganisms into the body; examples: AIDS, TB, measles, and pneumonia Metabolic Diseases - disturbance in metabolic process of homeostasis in body; usually involves endocrine glands, which secrete hormones to regulate body processes; examples: diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, acromegaly Acromegaly - abnormal enlargement of the extremities; involves the thyroid and pituitary glands Diabetes Mellitus - a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both Environmental Diseases - disease caused by the conditions of the surroundings (toxins, particles in the air, water or soil); examples: asbestos and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning Asbestos - a long, thin, fibrous silicate mineral with insulating properties, which can cause cancer when inhaled Autoimmune Response - response when the immune system acts against its own cells and destroys healthy tissue in the body; the body develops immunoglobins (antibodies) against its own tissues and body substances; examples: RA and Ulcerative Colitis Ulcerative Colitis - a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation Risk Factors - characteristics or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a medical disorder or disease Four Major Categories of Risk Factors - genetic and physiologic, age, environment, and lifestyle Chronic Disease - a disease that develops gradually and continues over a long period of time; example: diabetes mellitus; is often described as early, late, or terminal...or in remission Remission - the temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure Acute - new, usually of rapid onset and of concern, opposite of chronic; subsides after a period of treatment; example: appendicitis Organic Diseases - result in a structural change in an organ that interferes with its functioning; ex: stroke is an organic disease of the brain Functional Diseases - have no recognizable change in anatomy; examples: many nervous and mental diseases Infection - invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism that produces tissue damage Inflammation - a localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues Purulent Exudate - purulent (pus); the accumulation of neutrophils, dead cells, bacteria, and other debris from the infectious process Neutrophil - a type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease; released during a inflammatory response Asthenia - lack of strength Bradycardia - slow heart rate (less than 60 bpm); Diaphoresis - profuse sweating Dyspnea - difficulty breathing Ecchymosis - bruising Fetid - foul-smelling; putrid; malodorous Pyrexia - fever; an elevation of the body temperature above the normal range (98.6 F) Jaundice - yellowing of the skin Orthopnea - ability to breathe only in an upright position