What is the greatest risk factor for cancer? - answerAge The immune system ____ - answerWorks by attacking anything recognized as foreign. What is an example of basic research? - answerLearning how plants turn carbon dioxide into sugar Genetics is defined as the scientific study of ____. - answerHeredity The DNA components adenine, thymine, guanine, ad cytosine are examples of ____. - answerBases Gregor Mendel ____. - answerClaimed that each individual carries a pair of "factors" for a given trait What Mendel called "factors", we now call ____. - answerGenes Before Mendel, most people would have predicted that a cross of a red rose with a yellow rose would produce ____. - answerAll orange roses The main purpose of preparing karyotypes is to ____. - answerDiagnose or rule out certain genetic disorders Eugenics ____. - answerIs a dubious method for improving the human species through selective breeding Carrie Buck is significant in the history of genetics because she ____. - answerWas sterilized after the U.S. Supreme Court determined she was feebleminded Hereditarianism is the idea that all human traits are ____. - answerDetermined only by genes The decline of the eugenics movement in the U.S. in the early 20th century resulted from ____. - answerIts misuse for social and political purposes by the Nazis Induced pluripotent stem cells are ____. - answerProduced from normal body cells Gene therapy can best be described as the ____. - answerInsertion of normal genes to act in place of mutant genes The methods of ____ have had the greatest impact on human genetics in recent decades. - answerMolecular genetics A human pedigree ____. - answerRepresents the inheritance of a trait through several generations of a family The development and use of ____ ushered in the era of genomics when geneticists began planning ways to sequence the 3.2 billion nucleotides in the human genome. - answerRecombinant DNA technology The nucleotide sequence encoded in a gene defines the ____ that make up proteins. - answerPhosphate groups Transmission genetics ____. - answerStudies the pattern of inheritance associated with a trait as it passes through several generations The union of research and medicine that seeks to quickly translate research findings into methods for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases is called ____________________. - answerTranslational medicine The simplest type of variation in a genome sequence is a single nucleotide change called a(n) - answerSNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) A set of genetic markers located close together on a single ____________________ is called a haplotype. - answerChromosome New technology has made it possible to screen an individual's entire genome, instead of testing for one genetic disorder at a time. This technology uses ____________________ that carry DNA from the entire human genome. - answerDNA microarrays In the mid-twentieth century, researchers discovered that genes are made of ____________________ and that this molecule is part of cellular structures known as ____________________. - answerDNA, chromosomes The process in which genes move from one chromosome to another is called ____________________. - answerRecombination Each nucleotide in a strand of DNA is composed of a(n) ____________________, a(n) ____________________, and a(n) ____________________. - answerSugar, base, phosphate group Chemical subunits called amino acids combine to make ____________________. - answerProteins Transmission genetics studies the pattern of ____________________ as traits are passed from generation to generation. - answerInheritance ____________________ is the branch of genetics that is used to map genes and study chromosome structure and abnormalities in chromosome number and organization. - answerCytogenetics DNA is a helical molecule consisting of two strands of ____________________ that is the primary carrier of ____________________ information. - answerNucleotides, genetic