HESI MED SURG 1 FINAL EXAM TEST BANK LATEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 350 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+

HESI MED SURG 1 FINAL EXAM TEST BANK LATEST

2024 ACTUAL EXAM 350 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED

ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+

A female client with an NG tube attached to low suction states that she

is nauseated. The nurse assesses that there has been no drainage through

the NG tube in the last 2 hours. Which action should the nurse take?

A) Irrigate the NG tube with sterile normal saline.

B) Reposition the client on her side.

C) Advance the NG tube 5cm.

D) Administer an IV antiemetic as prescribed. - ANSWER- B.

Rationale: The immediate priority is to determine if the tube is

functioning correctly, which would then relieve the client's nausea.

The least invasive intervention, repositioning the client, should be

attempted first followed by the others.

Which change in lab values indicates to the nurse that a client with

rheumatoid arthritis may be experiencing an adverse effect of

methotrexate (Mexate) therapy?

A) Increase in rheumatoid factor.

B) Decrease in hemoglobin level.

C) Increase in blood glucose level.

D) Decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; sed rate) -

ANSWER- B.

Rationale: Methotrexate is an immunosuppressant. A common side

effect is bone marrow depression, which would be reflected by a

decrease in the hemoglobin level. A indicates disease progression but

is not a side effect of the medication. C is not related to this

medication. D indicates that inflammation associated with the

disease has diminished.

The nurse is counseling a healthy 30 -year-old female client regarding

osteoporosis prevention. Which activity would be most beneficial in

achieving the client's goal of osteoporosis?

A) Cross-country skiing.

B) Scuba diving.

C) Horseback riding.

D) Kayaking. - ANSWER- A.

Rationale: Weight-bearing exercise is an important measure to

reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Cross-country skiing includes the

most weight-bearing exercise out of the choices.

A male client has just undergone a laryngectomy and has a cuffed

tracheostomy tube in place. When initiating bolus tube feedings

postoperatively, when should the nurse inflate the cuff?

A) Immediately after feeding.

B) Just prior to tube feeding.

C) Continuous inflation is required.

D) Inflation is not required. - ANSWER- B.

Rationale: The cuff should be inflate before the feeding to block the

trachea and prevent food from entering if oral feedings are started

while a cuff tracheostomy tube is in place. It should remain inflated

throughout feeding to prevent aspiration of food into the respiratory

system. C places the patient at risk for tracheal wall necrosis.

What is the most important nursing priority for a client who has been

admitted for a possible kidney stone?

A) Reducing dairy products in the diet.

B) Straining all urine.

C) Measuring intake and output.

D) Increasing fluid intake. - ANSWER- Straining all urine is the most

important nursing action to take in this case. Encouraging fluid

intake is important for any client who may have a kidney stone, but

is even more important to strain urine. Straining the urine will

enable the nurse to determine when the kidney stone has been

passed and may prevent the need for surgery.

Which data would the nurse expect to find when reviewing laboratory

values of an 80-year-old man who is in good health overall?

A) CBC reveals increased WBC and decreased RBC.

B) Chemistries reveal an increased serum billirubin level with slightly

increased liver enzyme levels.

C) Urinalysis reveals slight protein in the urine and bacteriuria, with

pyurina.

D) Serum electrolytes reveal a decreased sodium level and increased

potassium level. - ANSWER- C.

Rationale: In older adults, the protein found in urine slightly rises,

probably as a result of kidney changes or subclinical UTIs, and

clients frequently experience asymptomatic bacteriuria and pyuria

as a result of incomplete bladder emptying. Lab findings in A, B,

and D are not considered to be normal findings in an older adult.

During assessment of a client in the ICU, the nurse notes that the client's

breath sounds are clear on auscultation, but jugular vein distention and

muffled heart sounds are present. Which intervention should the nurse

implement?

A) Prepare the client for a pericardial tap.

B) Administer IV Lasix.

C) Assist the client to cough and breathe deeply.

D) Instruct the client to restrict the oral fluid intake. - ANSWER- A.

Rationale: The client is exhibiting symptoms of cardiac tamponade,

a collection of fluid in the pericardial sac that results in a reduction

in cardiac output, which is a potentially fatal complication of

pericarditis. Treatment for a tamponade is a pericardial tap. Fluids

are frequently increased in the initial treatment of tamponade to

compensate for the decrease in cardiac output, but this is not the

same priority as A.