1. A team of software developers is working on a new project

that requires frequent collaboration and feedback. The team

leader wants to create a psychologically safe environment for the

team members to share their ideas and opinions without fear of

being judged or punished. Which of the following actions by the

team leader would most likely foster psychological safety in the

team?

a) Giving positive reinforcement and recognition to team

members who contribute to the project

b) Encouraging team members to challenge each other's views

and assumptions in a respectful way

c) Providing clear and consistent expectations and goals for the

team and each individual

d) All of the above *

Rationale: Psychological safety is defined as "a shared belief

that the team is safe for interpersonal risk taking" (Edmondson,

1999). It involves trust, respect, and mutual support among team

members. A team leader can promote psychological safety by

creating a positive and supportive climate, encouraging open and

constructive communication, and providing clarity and direction

for the team.

2. A group of nurses in a hospital ward is experiencing low

levels of psychological safety. They often feel anxious, stressed,

and afraid to speak up or ask for help when they encounter