1. Which European explorer is credited with discovering the New World in 1492? A. Christopher Columbus B. John Cabot C. Amerigo Vespucci D. Ferdinand Magellan Answer: A. Christopher Columbus Rationale: Christopher Columbus is often credited with discovering the Americas on his voyage funded by the Spanish monarchy in 1492. 2. What was the primary motivation for European exploration and colonization of the Americas in the pre-colonial era? A. Spreading Christianity to Native American populations B. Acquiring new sources of wealth and resources C. Escaping religious persecution in Europe D. Establishing democratic governments Answer: B. Acquiring new sources of wealth and resources Rationale: European powers sought to expand their empires and control valuable resources in the Americas for economic gain.