1. What are the three core functions of public health according to the Institute of Medicine? Explain each

function briefly and give an example of how they are implemented in practice.

- The three core functions of public health are assessment, policy development, and assurance. Assessment

involves collecting and analyzing data on the health status and needs of the population, such as conducting

surveys, surveillance, and epidemiological studies. Policy development involves using the evidence from

assessment to formulate plans and strategies to address public health problems, such as setting priorities,

goals, and objectives. Assurance involves ensuring that the policies are effectively implemented and

evaluated, such as providing resources, services, regulation, and enforcement.

2. What are the essential public health services? How do they relate to the core functions of public health?

- The essential public health services are a set of 10 activities that describe the operational aspects of the

core functions of public health. They are:

 - Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems.

 - Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community.

 - Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.

 - Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems.

 - Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.

 - Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.

 - Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise

unavailable.

 - Assure competent public and personal health care workforce.

 - Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services.

 - Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.

- They relate to the core functions of public health by providing a framework for organizing and delivering

them in a systematic way. For example, the first two services correspond to the assessment function, the

next three services correspond to the policy development function, and the last five services correspond to

the assurance function.

3. What are the main differences between public health administration and private health administration?

Give at least three examples of each.

- Public health administration is concerned with the health of populations and communities, while private

health administration is concerned with the health of individuals and groups. Some examples of differences

are:

 - Public health administration focuses on prevention, promotion, and protection of health, while private

health administration focuses on diagnosis, treatment, and care of diseases.

 - Public health administration operates under governmental authority and accountability, while private

health administration operates under market forces and competition.

 - Public health administration relies on multidisciplinary collaboration and partnership, while private health

administration relies on professional specialization and autonomy