The population etiologic fraction is a measure of the proportion of the disease rate in a population attributable to the exposure of interest. This measure of effect is influenced by: -the relative risk of the disease in exposed individuals versus unexposed individuals AND -the prevalence of the exposure in the population If it is accepted than an observed association is a causal one, an estimate of the impact that a successful preventative program might have, can be derived from: attributable risk When assessing a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and oral cancer using a case-control study, increasing the sample size of the study will result in: -a lower p value -a greater odds ratio -a smaller 95% confidence interval -a higher disease prevalence -none of the above An attributable-risk percent of 80% was calculated for the association between smoking and lung cancer death. The best interpretation of this statistic would be: Of those dying of lung cancer who smoke, 80% of those deaths are attributed to their smoking, assuming a causal association exists. Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung cancer are due to cigarette smoking. This is an example of: attributable risk Selection bias is most likely to occur in: both retrospective cohort studies and case c