1. Which of the following is the correct order of the

meninges from superficial to deep?

a) Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

b) Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

c) Arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater

d) Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater

Answer: A. The meninges are three layers of protective

tissue that surround the spinal cord and brain. The dura

mater is the outermost layer, followed by the arachnoid

mater and the pia mater.

2. What is the name of the bundle of nerve roots that

extends from the end of the spinal cord to the lower back?

a) Cauda equina

b) Filum terminale

c) Conus medullaris

d) Lumbar plexus

Answer: A. The cauda equina (Latin for "horse's tail") is a

collection of spinal nerves that exit the spinal cord at

different levels and form a fan-like structure. The filum

terminale is a thin strand of tissue that anchors the spinal

cord to the coccyx. The conus medullaris is the tapered end

of the spinal cord. The lumbar plexus is a network of

nerves that supplies the lower limbs.

3. Which of the following spinal cord segments contains

neurons that innervate the diaphragm?

a) C1-C2

b) C3-C5