Table of Contents Chapter 1: Performing Operations and Evaluating Expressions 1.1 Variables, Constants, Plotting Points, and Inequalities ................................................................ 1 1.2 Expressions................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Operations with Fractions and Proportions; Converting Units..................................................... 7 1.4 Absolute Value and Adding Real Numbers................................................................................ 11 1.5 Change in a Quantity and Subtracting Real Numbers................................................................ 14 1.6 Ratios, Percents, and Multiplying and Dividing Real Numbers................................................. 16 1.7 Exponents, Square Roots, Order of Operations, and Scientific Notation ................................... 20 Review Exercises ....................................................................................................................... 24 Chapter Test ............................................................................................................................... 27 Chapter 2: Designing Observational Studies and Experiments 2.1 Simple Random Sampling.......................................................................................................... 31 2.2 Systematic, Stratified, and Cluster Sampling ............................................................................. 34 2.3 Observational Studies and Experiments..................................................................................... 36 Review Exercises ....................................................................................................................... 40 Chapter Test ............................................................................................................................... 43 Chapter 3: Graphical and Tabular Displays of Data 3.1 Frequency Tables, Relative Frequency Tables, and Bar Graphs................................................ 45 3.2 Pie Charts and Two-Way Tables................................................................................................ 49 3.3 Dotplots, Stemplots, and Time-Series Plots ............................................................................... 52 3.4 Histograms.................................................................................................................................. 58 3.5 Misleading Graphical Displays of Data...................................................................................... 64 Review Exercises ....................................................................................................................... 66 Chapter Test ............................................................................................................................... 71 Chapter 4: Summarizing Data Numerically 4.1 Measures of Center..................................................................................................................... 75 4.2 Measures of Spread .................................................................................................................... 80 4.3 Boxplots ..................................................................................................................................... 85 Review Exercises ....................................................................................................................... 90 Chapter Test ............................................................................................................................... 92 Chapter 5: Computing Probabilities 5.1 Meaning of Probability............................................................................................................... 95 5.2 Complement and Addition Rules ............................................................................................... 97 5.3 Conditional Probability and the Multiplication Rule for Independent Events.......................... 100 5.4 Discrete Random Variables...................................................................................................... 103 5.5 Finding Probabilities for a Normal Distribution....................................................................... 106 5.6 Finding Values of Variables for Normal Distributions............................................................. 110 Review Exercises ..................................................................................................................... 11