LABORATORY MANUAL FOR HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: MAIN VERSION, FOURTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2019 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2016, 2013, and 2010. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LMN 21 20 19 18 ISBN 978-1-260-15908-6 MHID 1-260-15908-6 Portfolio Manager: Amy Reed Product Developers: Fran Simon/Michelle Gaseor Marketing Manager: James Connely Content Project Manager: Ann Courtney Buyer: Sandy Ludovissy Design: Tara McDermott Content Licensing Specialists: Lori Hancock Cover Image: © Bryan Hainer/Getty Images RF Compositor: MPS Limited All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page. The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw-Hill Education does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites. Some of the laboratory experiments included in this text may be hazardous if materials are handled improperly or if procedures are conducted incorrectly. Safety precautions are necessary when you are working with chemicals, glass test tubes, hot water baths, sharp instruments, and the like, or for any procedures that generally require caution. Your school may have set regulations regarding safety procedures that your instructor will explain to you. Should you have any problems with materials or procedures, please