Lifespan Development Midterm Exam
Brian is 2.5 years old. He dwells in his own imaginary world and represents objects that
are not present. He often scribbles patterns on walls that represent cloud, trees, birds,
and so on. Brian's behavior indicates that he is in Piaget's _____ of cognitive
development.
symbolic function substage
18-month-old Alan hates spinach but says, "Yum!" when he sees his mother eating her
favorite spinach casserole. This indicates that
he recognizes that someone else may have different desires from his own.
Kevin is just learning to walk. He can take a few steps by himself if he uses both hands
to hold on to a piece of furniture for support. He can walk to the middle of a room only if
one of his parents holds his hands. Which of the following represents the lower limit of
Kevin's zone of proximal development (ZPD) for walking?
Kevin walking alone by holding on to a piece of furniture with his hands
Jim, a 3-year-old boy, gets a box of colorful blocks as a birthday gift from his uncle. He
is excited to see the gift and demands to play with the blocks immediately. In the
context of physical and cognitive development in early childhood, when playing with the
blocks, Jim is most likely to
place each block on top of the other with intense concentration.
Toby is three years old. His parents are concerned because he always runs and jumps
around. He cannot sit still. Even when watching his favorite cartoon on TV, he fidgets
and wiggles. It is especially frustrating for his parents when Toby does not sit still
through dinner. Which of the following should Toby's parents do?
They should avoid panicking as Toby's behavior is normal for kids in his age group.
Dorothy is enrolled in a preschool where she spends much of her time in unstructured
activities. She plays with the toys she chooses, and her teacher acts as a facilitator
rather than a director. Which of the following approaches is Dorothy's preschool using?
the Montessori approach
Russell conducts an experiment to study children's theory of mind. He selects
participants and divides them into two groups. The first group consists of 3-year-olds,
whereas the second group consists of 5-year-olds. Russell takes a box of crayons and
places candies in them. He opens the box and shows it to both groups. Next, he asks
the first group what a child who has never seen the box will think is actually inside the
box. The group replies, "Candies!" To the same question, the second group replies,
"Crayons!" This scenario illustrates that
children younger than 4 years old do not understand that it is possible to have a false
belief.