1. Which psychological theory posits that individuals have basic psychological needs that must be met to motivate behavior change in fitness? A) Cognitive Dissonance Theory B) Self-Determination Theory C) Operant Conditioning D) Social Cognitive Theory Correct Answer: B) Self-Determination Theory Rationale: Self-Determination Theory suggests that people are motivated to grow and change by three innate and universal psychological needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy. This is particularly relevant to fitness and wellness, where motivation is a key factor in adherence to exercise and diet regimes. 2. How does the concept of 'flow' relate to fitness activities? A) It refers to the fluidity of movement during exercise. B) It is the mental state in which a person performing an activity is fully immersed in a feeling of energized focus. C) It describes the continuity of exercise routines over time. D) It is the synchronization of breathing and physical movement. Correct Answer: B) It is the mental state in which a person performing an activity is fully immersed in a feeling of energized focus. Rationale: 'Flow' is a concept identified by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, describing a state of complete immersion and optimal experience in an activity. Achieving flow during exercise can increase enjoyment and improve performance, making it a valuable concept for fitness professionals. 3. What role does the Transtheoretical Model play in fitness and wellness coaching?