Albuminuria - This medical term is a sign of kidney disease. The large protein albumin is able to pass through the glomerulus and ends up in the urine. Aldosterone - This medical term is a steroid hormone secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal glands. It causes sodium and water retention, and potassium excretion. The release of this hormone causes an INCREASE in BP. Bacteriuria - The medical term for the presence of bacteria in the urine. Azotemia - The medical term for and elevation of BUN and creatinine in the blood. Should be considered a sign of potential and likely renal failure. Cystitis - The medical term meaning inflammation of the bladder. It is the medical term for a lower UTI. Micturition - The medical term for the action of taking a piss. Post Void Residual - The medical term for the test that shows the amount of urine that remains in your bladder after micturition. Uses a catheter or bladder scanner. Proteinuria - The medical term for protein in the urine. Could be a sign of kidney disease. Pyelonephritis - The medical term meaning inflammation of the renal pelvis. Aka, a kidney infection, or more commonly referred to as an upper UTI. Pyuria - The medical term for the presence of leukocytes (WBC's) Residual urine - The amount of urine that remains after micturition. Urinary retention - Term: Urine is being held in the bladder, but not being voided despite current functioning ability of the kidneys. Urinary suppression - Term: There is no urine, the kidneys aren't doing their job, and there is nothing to excrete. Tenesmus - Term: painful straining to urinate. The patient still feels the urge to pee. Commonly seen in UTIs. Enuresis - The medical term for involuntary urination during sleep. (a neuro skill generally obtained by the age of 5 years old.) Urethrovesical reflux - The abnormal backflow of urine from the urethra back into the bladder when you cough or sneeze. Vesicoureteral reflux - The abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder through the ureters. Back into the kidneys. Kidneys - Theses are located at the costovertebral angle, retroperitoneal, flank area, right beneath the 12th rib. 20 - Blood passes through the filtration of the kidneys approximately how many times per hour. INTO - The afferent arteriole feeds blood ____ the glomerulus. out - The efferent arteriole feeds blood ____ of the glomerulus and back into the blood stream. bowman's capsule - The glomerulus is surrounded by the _____ _____ which is a plasma shell that contains: water, salts, and glucose. medulla - The ________ of the kidney regulates the degree of urine concentration. nephrons - In the medulla there are _______ that reabsorb water, electrolytes, and glucose. Then it excretes water, urea, salts, and toxins. Red blood cells, large proteins, - _______, and ________, such as serum albumins, cannot pass through the glomerulus under normal circumstances, but some adverse health conditions may allow their passage to the urine. Water - 95% of urine composition. 400-500mL excretion daily. Electrolytes - The second major class of substances excreted via urine. Includes Na, K, Cl, HCO3. Protein Breakdown byproducts - The third class of byproducts from the urine. The major byproduct is UREA. Though from this action, other lesser byproducts are Creatinine, Phosphates, Sulfates, and Uric Acid Glucose - Will appear in the urine if the blood level is so high that its concentration in the glomeruli filtrate EXCEEDS the capacity of the tubules to reabsorb. Very common in Diabetes and other conditions affecting insulin. Amino Acids (protein) - These particles are usually unable to pass through the glomeruli due to their large size. If they appear in urine, it is likely a huge sign of kidney damage. Blood - Can end up in the urine due to damage of the bladder, kidneys, or ureters. Can be a sign of infection or damage. Leukocytes - End up in the urine due to infection somewhere in the urinary system