MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A patient receiving antibiotics for the treatment of a bacterial wound infection develops a secondary fungal infection. The patient asks you to explain why the fungal infection developed. What is your best response? a. “Antibiotics can upset the balance of normal flora and allow yeast or fungus to grow.” b. “Antibiotic resistance has allowed the bacteria in your wound to become a fungus.” c. “Genetic changes induced by antibiotics lead to this fungal infection.” d. “There is no known cause for this secondary fungal infection.” ANS: A Antibiotic use can upset the normal flora balance in the body and cause yeast or fungal infections to occur. Candida is a common body yeast and often overgrows to cause a fungal infection. When a person is given antibiotics to kill infectious bacteria, the normal flora is killed off as well. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 65 2. A breast-feeding mother has been prescribed antimicrobial therapy for an infection. What information should be included in her teaching plan? a. Breast-feeding is permitted during antimicrobial therapy and should be continued. b. Breast-feeding can continue if the breast milk is pumped, and given by bottle. c. Breast-feeding should be avoided during antimicrobial therapy. d. Breast-feeding during antimicrobial therapy can lead to mastitis. ANS: C Breast-feeding should be avoided during antimicrobial therapy because most of these drugs are excreted into breast milk and the infant (who may not have an infection) will be exposed to the actions, side effects, and adverse effects. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 66 3. What is the action of an antibiotic that is classified as bacteriostatic? a. Bacteriostatic drugs kill the bacteria. b. Bacteriostatic drugs slow the growth of bacteria. c. Bacteriostatic drugs are only effective against gram-positive organisms. d. Bacteriostatic drugs are only effective against gram-negative organisms. ANS: B Bacteriostatic drugs limit or slow the growth of the bacteria, weakening or eventually leading to the death of the bacteria. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 66 TEST BANK FOR INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 9TH EDITION BY VISOVSKY NURSINGTB.COM N U R S I N G T B . C O M 4. Which term refers to an antibiotic with a high degree of activity against many different organisms? a. Antimycotic b. Bacteriostatic c. Antimicrobial d. Broad-spectrum ANS: D Drugs that are effective against a variety of organisms are called broad-spectrum antibiotics. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 67 5. You are caring for an elderly patient who is newly admitted with a suspected urinary tract infection requiring antimicrobial therapy. Which of the following tests would you expect the healthcare provider to order before initiating treatment? a. Abdominal x-ray b. Blood chemistry c. Laparoscopic examination d. Culture and sensitivity studies ANS: D The organisms present in the urine must be carefully cultured and tested to see which drugs are effective against them (drug sensitivity). DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 67 6. You are caring for a patient with an upper respiratory infection from group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. The patient asks you what antimicrobial drug is effective for this infection. What is your best response? a. Cefazolin b. Penicillin c. Vancomycin d. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim ANS: B Penicillin is effective in the treatment of the following susceptible organisms: group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and other less common organisms. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 69 7. You are teaching a patient about possible side effects when taking penicillin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic. What is the most common side effect you would stress in teaching the patient about this drug? a. Edema of the lower extremities b. Metallic taste in the mouth c. Ringing in the ears d. Loose stools ANS: D The most common side effect of penicillin (and many other antibiotics) is simple diarrhea of two to four loose stools daily.