1. How does the influence of body states on learning and memory contribute to cognitive processes? A) Increased heart rate enhances memory consolidation B) Improved blood flow to the brain strengthens learning C) Reduced stress hormones impair memory retention D) Elevated cortisol levels improve attentional focus Correct Answer: B) Improved blood flow to the brain strengthens learning Rationale: Body states can influence cognitive processes by regulating blood flow to the brain, which enhances learning and memory consolidation. 2. What effect does attentional demand have on memory encoding? A) High attentional demand leads to better memory encoding B) Low attentional demand impairs memory consolidation C) Moderate attentional demand improves memory retrieval D) Excessive attentional demand decreases memory retention Correct Answer: A) High attentional demand leads to better memory encoding Rationale: Attention