1. Explain the concept of energy balance and its importance

in weight loss.

Answer: Energy balance refers to the relationship between

the calories consumed through food and the calories

expended through physical activity and bodily functions. It

is crucial in weight loss as a negative energy balance,

where calorie expenditure exceeds intake, leads to a

reduction in body weight.

2. Describe the physiological factors that contribute to

weight gain.

Answer: Weight gain can be influenced by factors such as

genetics, hormonal imbalances (e.g., insulin resistance),

metabolic rate, and appetite regulation. Additionally,

sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy dietary habits, and

psychological factors (e.g., stress eating) can also

contribute to weight gain.

3. Discuss the role of macronutrients in weight loss and

body composition.

Answer: Macronutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins,

and fats, play vital roles in weight loss and body

composition. Carbohydrates provide energy for physical

activity, proteins help in tissue repair and muscle building,

and fats contribute to nutrient absorption and hormone

regulation. A balanced intake of all macronutrients is

essential for successful weight loss and proper body

composition.