1. Mr. Jones, a 78-year-old man, is admitted to the hospital

with pneumonia. He has a history of chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension and diabetes. He

is receiving oxygen therapy, antibiotics and fluids. What

are the main goals of nursing care for Mr. Jones? Explain

your rationale for each goal.

- The main goals of nursing care for Mr. Jones are to:

 - Maintain adequate oxygenation and prevent respiratory

failure. This is because pneumonia can worsen his COPD

and cause hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis.

 - Prevent complications such as sepsis, dehydration,

electrolyte imbalance and renal failure. This is because

pneumonia can trigger systemic inflammation, increase

fluid loss and impair renal function.

 - Promote comfort and pain relief. This is because

pneumonia can cause chest pain, cough, fever and dyspnea

that can affect his quality of life.

 - Educate him and his family about his condition,

treatment and self-care. This is because pneumonia can be

prevented or managed by following infection control

measures, adhering to medication regimen, monitoring

blood glucose and blood pressure, and seeking timely

medical attention.

2. Mrs. Lee, a 65-year-old woman, is diagnosed with

osteoporosis after a bone density scan. She has a history of