1. A patient with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus is admitted to the
ICU for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following is the initial
insulin therapy of choice?
A. Insulin glargine
B. NPH insulin
C. Regular insulin infusion
D. Insulin aspart
Answer: C. Regular insulin infusion
Rationale: Regular insulin infusion is preferred for the initial
management of DKA because it can be closely titrated and has a rapid
onset of action.
2. A 42-year-old patient presents with fatigue, weight gain, and
constipation. Laboratory tests reveal low serum T3 and T4 levels. Which
of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Thyroid storm
D. Graves' disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
Rationale: The symptoms and low thyroid hormone levels are indicative
of hypothyroidism, a common endocrine disorder.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient with Addison's disease. Which of the
following interventions is critical when this patient experiences stress?
A. Decrease corticosteroid dose
B. Increase corticosteroid dose
C. Administer rapid-acting insulin
D. Provide high-carbohydrate meals
Answer: B. Increase corticosteroid dose
Rationale: Patients with Addison's disease require increased doses of
corticosteroids during periods of stress to mimic the body's normal
response and prevent Addisonian crisis.
4. During the assessment of a patient with pheochromocytoma, which of
the following symptoms would the nurse expect to find?
A. Hypotension
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