A patient who has diabetes reports intense discomfort when needing to void. A

urinalysis is normal. To treat this, the primary care NP should consider

prescribing:

flavoxate (Urispas).

bethanechol (Urecholine).

phenazopyridine (Pyridium).

oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan XL).

This patient is describing urge incontinence, or overactive bladder, which occurs

when the detrusor muscle is hyperactive, causing an intense urge to void before

the bladder is full. Urge incontinence is associated with many conditions,

including diabetes. Oxybutynin chloride, which is an anticholinergic, acts to

decrease detrusor overactivity and is indicated for treatment of urge

incontinence. Flavoxate is used to treat dysuria associated with UTI. Bethanechol

is indicated for urinary retention. Phenazopyridine is used to treat dysuria.

A patient reports difficulty returning to sleep after getting up to go to the bathroom

every night. A physical examination and a sleep hygiene history are

noncontributory. The primary care NP should prescribe:

zaleplon.

ZolpiMist.

ramelteon.