1. What are the four components of a comprehensive health history? Explain the purpose and content of each component. - The four components are: biographic data, reason for seeking care, present health or history of present illness, and past health. Biographic data includes information such as name, age, gender, occupation, marital status, etc. Reason for seeking care is a brief statement of the patient's main complaint or problem. Present health or history of present illness is a detailed description of the patient's current symptoms, onset, duration, frequency, severity, location, quality, aggravating and relieving factors, associated symptoms, and effect on daily activities. Past health includes information about the patient's past medical history, family history, personal and social history, and review of systems. - Answer: biographic data; reason for seeking care; present health or history of present illness; past health / biographic data: name, age, gender, etc.; reason for seeking care: main complaint or problem; present health or history of present illness: current symptoms, onset, duration, etc.; past health: past medical history, family history, etc. 2. What are the three levels of prevention in health promotion? Give an example of each level. - The three levels of prevention are: primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs by eliminating or reducing risk factors. Examples include immunization, smoking cessation, seat belt use, etc. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat disease or injury early before it causes significant morbidity or mortality. Examples include screening tests, pap smears, mammograms, etc. Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the impact of disease or injury that has already occurred by restoring function and preventing complications. Examples include rehabilitation, medication adherence, chronic disease management, etc. - Answer: primary prevention; secondary prevention; tertiary prevention / primary prevention: prevent disease or injury before it occurs; secondary prevention: detect and treat disease or injury early; tertiary prevention: reduce the impact of disease or injury that has already occurred 3. What are the six steps of the nursing process? Describe the main activities involved in each step. - The six steps of the nursing process are: assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment is the systematic collection and analysis of data about the patient's health status. Diagnosis is the identification of actual or potential health problems based on the assessment data. Outcome identification is the formulation of specific and measurable goals and expected outcomes for the patient. Planning is the development of a plan of care that specifies the interventions and strategies to achieve the outcomes. Implementation is the execution of the plan of care by performing the interventions and documenting the results. Evaluation is the measurement of the patient's progress toward the outcomes and the effectiveness of the plan of care. - Answer: assessment; diagnosis; outcome identification; planning; implementation; evaluation / assessment: collect and analyze data; diagnosis: identify health problems; outcome identification: formulate goals and outcomes; planning: develop plan of care;