1. What are the main challenges and opportunities for nursing leaders in complex healthcare systems? Provide examples of how nursing leaders can address these challenges and leverage these opportunities. (10 marks) Answer: Some of the main challenges for nursing leaders in complex healthcare systems are: managing multiple stakeholders with diverse interests and expectations, ensuring quality and safety of care delivery, promoting innovation and evidence-based practice, fostering collaboration and teamwork, and adapting to changing policies and regulations. Some of the main opportunities for nursing leaders in complex healthcare systems are: influencing health system transformation, enhancing patient and staff satisfaction and engagement, developing leadership skills and competencies, creating a culture of learning and improvement, and advancing the profession of nursing. Nursing leaders can address these challenges and leverage these opportunities by: applying relevant leadership theories and models, using effective communication and negotiation skills, engaging in strategic planning and decision making, implementing change management strategies, evaluating outcomes and feedback, and seeking continuous professional development. 2. Compare and contrast two leadership styles that are relevant for nursing leaders in complex healthcare systems. Explain how each style can be applied in different situations and contexts. Provide examples to support your answer. (10 marks) Answer: Two leadership styles that are relevant for nursing leaders in complex healthcare systems are transformational leadership and situational leadership. Transformational leadership is a style that inspires and motivates followers to achieve a shared vision and goals, while providing support, empowerment, recognition, and feedback. Situational leadership is a style that adapts to the needs and readiness of followers, while providing direction, guidance, coaching, or delegation depending on the situation. Both styles can be applied in different situations and contexts by nursing leaders. For example, transformational leadership can be used to foster a culture of innovation and improvement, to engage staff in quality improvement projects, or to implement a new policy or practice change. Situational leadership can be used to manage a diverse team of staff with different levels of experience, skills, or motivation, to provide appropriate supervision and feedback, or to handle a crisis or emergency situation. 3. What are the key components of effective management in complex healthcare systems? Explain how each component contributes to the achievement of organizational goals and objectives. Provide examples to support your answer. (10 marks)