The percentage of the FVC expired in one second is: a. FEV1/FVC ratio

2. The aging process causes what normal physiological changes in the heart? a. The heart valve thickens and becomes rigid, secondary to fibrosis and sclerosis.

3. A 55yo Caucasian male follows up after referral to cardiologist. He thinks his med is causing a cough and sometimes he has difficulty breathing. Which med was most likely prescribed? a. Lisinopril

4. JM is a 68yo man who presents for a physical. He has T2DM x5yrs, smokes 1/2 PPD, BMI is 30. No other previous medical dx, no current complaints. According to the AHA/ACC guidelines, JM is stage A HF. Treatment goals for him include: a. Heart healthy lifestyle

5. MJ presents with h/o structural damage with current s/s of HF. Treatment will be based on his stage of HF, which is: a. Stage C

6. 65yo Caucasian female presents with mitral valve stenosis, physical exam unremarkable. You know her stage of HF is: a. B

7. DG, 65yo man, presents for eval of CP and L-sided shoulder pain, beginning after strenuous activity, including walking. Pain is dull, aching, 8/10 during activity, otherwise 0/10. Began few mo ago, intermittent, aggravated by exercise, relieved by rest. Occasional nausea. Pain is retrosternal, radiating to L shoulder, affects QOL by limiting activity. Pain is worse today, did not go away after stopped walking. BP 120/80, HR 72 and regular. Normal heart sounds, no murmur, S1, S2. Which differential dx would be most likely? a. Coronary artery dz w/angina pectoris

8. The best way to dx structural heart dz/dysfunction non-invasively is: a. Echocardiogram

9. Chronic pain can have major impact on pt's ability to function and have profound impact on overall QOL. Ongoing pain may be linked to: a. Depression, sleep disturbance, decreased socialization

10. The Beers criteria are appropriate for use in evaluating use of certain meds in pts: a. >65yo

11. Pt presents with c/o increasing SOB, cough w/occasional white sputum, fatigue. As part of the plan you order labs. You know the likelihood of HF is low if the BNP is: a. <100>

12. All of the following statements are true about lab values in older adults except: a. Normal ranges may not be applicable to older adults b. Abnormal findings are often due to physiological aging