Define integumentary system - consists of the skin & related structures (protects body, controls temp., eliminates wastes through sweat/other) Define Epidermis Layer - Outer layer of skin Define dermis - -connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and skin structures -on subcutaneous tissue -connects skin and muscle define epi - above integumentary system what is its role - 1. protection- organ infections 2.temperature maintenance- heat exchange 3. synthesis of nutirents- vitd3 4.sensory reception- touch pain 5. excretion and secretions- salts water- glands secrete breast milk Define papillary layer - The papillary layer is the uneven junction of the dermis with the epidermis. capillaries, nerves supports epidermis Define reticular layer - layer of dermis that is denser and deeper of the dermis, comprised of collagen and elastin Define sebaceous glands - epidermal glands that produce and oily secretion called sebum. Define sweat glands - secrete sweat to help cool the body when needs SKIN Define apocrine glands - Present in the groin and underarms, where body odor comes from (APE) Define merocrine glands - Exocrine glands that secrete without losing cellular material define humerus - upper arm bone Define tibia - shin bone define sternum - breastbone Define sprain - stretching or tearing of ligaments Define subluxation - partial dislocation Describe a dislocation - The movement of a bone at a joint away from its normal position Define fracture - to break (a bone) What is a grade 1 sprain? - Mild sprain tenderness at site, minimal swelling, and loss of function what is a grade 2 sprain? - moderate sprain More severe pain, swelling/bleeding into joint, some function lost what is a grade 3 sprain? - complete tear of ligament Define Greenstick Fracture - Only one side of the shaft is broken, and other is bent. Common in children Define torus fracture - buckle of the cortex, possibly with little or no displacement and no complete break in the cortex Define oblique fracture - Diagonal break of the bone; can be displaced or nondisplaced Define Spiral Fracture - Spread along length of bone and produced by twisting stress define comminuted fracture - multiple bone fragments define segmental fracture - - multple fracture sites "freebone" Define impacted fracture - broken bone ends are forced into each other Define epimysium - connective tissue covering muscle Define perimysium - the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers. Define endomysium - connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber What are cardiac muscles? - striated muscle that forms the wall of the heart what are smooth muscles tissue? - found lining organs, blood vessels, digestive and lungs What are fast muscle fibers? - fatigue more rapidly fast use of artery What are slow fibers? - Sensory receptors in skin, muscles, organs, and membranes around both bones and joints; these unmyelinated fibers slowly convey intense sensory input to the brain, where it is perceived as chronic, dull, steady pain. what are white muscle fibers? - fast twitch What are red muscle fibers? - slow twitch define anaerobic endurance? - length of time contractions supported by energy reserves such as atp define aerobic endurance? - the length of time a muscle can continue to contract using aerobic pathways Define rigor mortis - hardening of muscles and stiffening of body beginning 3 to 6 hours after death define muscular dystrophy? - abnormality of the gene, progressive muscle weakness Define Myasthenia Gravis - its a chronic condition where nerve impulse are not properly transmitted to the muscle Define rhabdomyolysis - unconscious prolonged time muscle tissue is destroyed dark urine kidney failure define motor (efferent) neurons - neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands Define sympathetic nervous system - fight/flight response Define parasympathetic nervous system - Rest/relaxed response Define Cerebrum - the largest and most complex part of the brain Define diencephalon - concious/ unconcious sensory motor commands Define midbrain - at the top of the brain stem and contains systems that control arousal, visual and auditory reflexes, and voluntary movement Define pons - the part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus. define the medula oblongata - connects brain/ spinal cord/ cranial nerves 8-12