1. AESTHETIC KNOWING: Answer Is the art of nursing. Empathy, compassion, holism, and sensitivity. 2. CARING: Answer means that people, relationships, and things matter. 3. CARING PRACTICE: Answer involves connection, mutual recognition, and involvement between nurse and client. 4. EMPIRICAL KNOWING: Answer actual, observable phenomena(e.g., anatomy, physiology, chemistry) to theoretical analysis (e.g., developmental theory, adaptation theory). 5. ETHICAL KNOWING: Answer Focuses on matters of obligation or what ought to be done, and goes beyond simply following the ethical codes of the discipline. 6. PERSONAL KNOWING: Answer promotes wholeness and integrity in the personal encounter, achieves engagement rather than detachment, and deniesthe manipulative or impersonal approach. 7. REFLECTION: Answer Is thinking from a critical point of view, analyzing why one acted in a certain way, and assessing the results of one's actions.