1. Oliguria: Answer Low urine output (< 30>= 2.5 L / day) 3. Normal Renal filtration rate: Answer 180 L / day) 4. Incontinence: Answer the loss of voluntary control of the bladder 5. Stress incontinence: Answer Increased intra-abdominal pressure forces urine outsphincter Ex. Coughing, Lifting, Laughing. 6. Retention: Answer An inability to empty bladder; May accompany overflow incontinence Anesthesia can also lead to retention Spinal cord injuries at the sacral level blocksthe micturition reflex 7. Neurogenic Bladder: Answer Loss of sensation and reflex for bladder emptying

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