1. Flow of blood through the heart: Answer • Inferior and superior venae cavae and thecoronary sinus ’ RA’ tricuspid valve’ RV’ Pulmonic valve’ pulmonary artery’ lungs • Lungs ’ pulmonary veins’ LA’ mitral valve’ LV’ aortic valve’ aorta’ systemic circulation 2. S1 heart sound: Answer first heart sound associated with closing of tricuspid and mitral valves Signals the beginning of systole and correlates with QRS complex 3. S2 heart sound: Answer Æ Second heart sound Æ Associated with closure of aortic and pulmonic valves Æ Signals the beginning of diastole and correlates with period after T wave on ECG 4. What is preload: Answer volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole before the nextcontraction 5. What affects preload: Answer aortic disease and hypervolemia 6. What is afterload: Answer peripheral resistance against which left ventricle must pump