1. What are the four main categories of APNs and what are their scopes of practice?

- The four main categories of APNs are nurse practitioners (NPs), clinical nurse specialists (CNSs), certified

nurse-midwives (CNMs), and certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs). Their scopes of practice

vary by state, but generally they can provide primary or specialty care, prescribe medications, order

and interpret diagnostic tests, perform procedures, and collaborate with other health care

professionals.

2. What are some of the benefits and challenges of APN-led care?

- Some of the benefits of APN-led care are improved access, quality, and cost-effectiveness of health

care, especially for underserved populations. Some of the challenges are lack of recognition,

reimbursement, and autonomy for APNs, as well as resistance from physicians and other stakeholders.

3. What are some of the competencies and skills that APNs need to develop and maintain?

- Some of the competencies and skills that APNs need to develop and maintain are advanced clinical

knowledge and judgment, leadership and advocacy, research and evidence-based practice,

interprofessional collaboration and communication, ethical decision-making, cultural competence, and

lifelong learning.

4. How do APNs contribute to health promotion and disease prevention at the individual, community,

and population levels?

- APNs contribute to health promotion and disease prevention at the individual level by providing

comprehensive assessments, screenings, counseling, education, and interventions. At the community

level, they participate in health fairs, outreach programs, coalitions, and policy development. At the

population level, they conduct epidemiological studies, implement health programs, evaluate

outcomes, and advocate for health equity.