1. What are the four main components of primary care according to the World Health Organization (WHO)? How do they relate to the principles of universal health coverage (UHC)? - The four main components of primary care are: first contact, continuity, comprehensiveness, and coordination. They relate to the principles of UHC by ensuring that people have access to essential health services that are person-centered, integrated, and of high quality, regardless of their ability to pay or their location. 2. What are some common barriers to accessing primary care services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)? What strategies can be used to overcome them? - Some common barriers to accessing primary care services in LMICs are: lack of availability, affordability, acceptability, and quality of services; weak health systems; social and cultural factors; and low health literacy and awareness. Some strategies to overcome them are: strengthening health workforce capacity and motivation; improving health financing and governance; enhancing community participation and empowerment; promoting health education and behavior change; and fostering multisectoral collaboration and partnerships. 3. What is the role of nurses in primary care? What skills and competencies do they need to perform their role effectively? - The role of nurses in primary care is to provide holistic, comprehensive, and coordinated care to individuals, families, and communities across the life course. They also play a key role in health promotion, disease prevention, and health education. To perform their role effectively, they need skills and competencies such as: clinical assessment and management; communication and interpersonal skills; cultural competence and sensitivity; teamwork and collaboration; leadership and advocacy; research and evidence-based practice; and ethical and legal principles. 4. What are some examples of nurse-led primary care interventions or models that have been implemented or evaluated in different settings or contexts? What were their main outcomes or impacts? - Some examples of nurse-led primary care interventions or models are: nurse practitioners (NPs) who provide advanced practice nursing services in various settings such as rural clinics, emergency departments, or home-based care; nurse case managers who coordinate care for patients with chronic conditions or complex needs; nurse midwives who offer maternal and newborn care services in lowresource settings; nurse educators who train community health workers or peer educators on health topics such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, or mental health; and nurse researchers who conduct studies on primary care issues or innovations. - The main outcomes or impacts of these interventions or models vary depending on the setting, context, and evaluation methods, but some common ones are: improved access to and quality of primary care services; increased patient satisfaction and empowerment; reduced morbidity and mortality; enhanced cost-effectiveness and efficiency; and strengthened health systems and policies.